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Media convergence is the combination and convergence of every element of media in forms of breakdown of traditional classification, formats and distribution etc. It means the blending of its contents, consumers and operations in full and a new media was developed named as new media. The paper tries to explore the media convergence by starting from the paper-printed media, especially from the scientific journals. It is obvious that the basement is the electronization of media, comprehensive use of multi-technology is the fundamental tools, and it made the results of the inevitability of deep changes in term of thoughts, mindset and managerial principles as well. At the same time, the adverse effect of media convergence consequently coming from the freedom and openness of media convergence will be considered and avoided, so the surveillance of administrative functions and technicals should be adopted or developed accordingly.
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objective:To analyze the contributed papers and publications in the first half year of 2020 from Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine， especially the COVID-19 papers， to provide basis for the academic journals to win out during the public hot points. Methods:All the papers contributed in the first half year of 2020 from Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine， were collected to analyze the sources parameters， editing parameters. All published papers were collected to analyze the sources parameters， editing parameters and their usages （downloads and citations）. Results:There were 450 papers contributed in the first half year of 2020， 129 papers were accepted accounting for 28.67%. Among them， 116 papers were COVID-19 papers accounting for 25.78%， and 32 papers were accepted accounting for 24.81%. the March was the highest month of contribution， also for COVID-19 papers. Many academic domains such as infectious disease， women and children health， clinic science， chronic disease， social medicine， public hygiene and others were predominated among those papers. COVID-19 papers dominated in domains of infectious disease and social medicine. According to the non-COVID-19 papers， the COVID-19 papers had higher numbers of peer reviewers， lower days for back improvement， lower days for refusals or acceptance， also had lower copy percentages by plagiarism check （all P<0.05）. there were 106 papers published in the first half year of 2020. Published COVID-19 papers had higher number of authors， higher numbers of references in term of governments reports， foreign references and less than 5 years references （all P<0.05）. Those published COVID-19 papers had better usages than those no-COVID-19 papers， adjusted downloads were 2 077.37/year vs 111.53/year， adjusted citations were 12.99/year vs 0.49/year. It was obvious that the published COVID-19 papers had very excellent social influences and academic influences （P<0.001）. Conclusion:Publication in the first half year of 2020 from Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine is high-qualified and is good for the journal’s improvement in social influences and academic influences. It is important for academic journals to pay more attention to the hot points of public health accordingly.
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Repeated acute intermittent hypoxia promotes the expression of growth factors and neurotrophic factors, as well as the key molecules for neural protection and plasticity. Hypoxic preconditioning may improve the survival rate of transplant-ed stem cells and protect the neural function. Meanwhile, acute intermittent hypoxia can be an approach to improve re-spiratory function after spinal cord injury. Hyperbaric oxygen may improve the neural tolerance to hypoxia and isch-emia, to protect the structure of cells and tissues, and promote the neuranagenesis. It is important to study the role of hy-poxic and hyperoxic preconditioning in spinal cord injury.
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Desmoglein,which is a kind of Ca2+ dependent desmosomal cadherins protein,is a major part of the desmosomes.The desmoglein that distributes in the epithelium,myocardium and other tissues plays a very important role in the cell junction.In recent years,the detection of the abnormal expression and function of the desmoglein was proved in many diseases,such as skin,mucous membrane and tumor related diseases.Drugs may have an important effect in the treatment of diseases by interfering with the expression and function of desmoglein.In this paper,the distribution of several subtypes of the family of desmosomes and their functions in the related diseases are reviewed,which may also provide some new clues for the new drug research on the target of desmogleins.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of Kudiezi (KDZ) Injection on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and to explore its protective mechanism.Methods The rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established by modified suture method,and cerebral blood flow was monitored using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF).Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,Kudiezi Injection high and low dose groups.After ischemia-reperfusion for 24 h,the neurological scores were evaluated.After anesthesia,the blood samples and brain tissues were collected,and the expression of inflammatory was detected by Elisa.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB protein.Results Behavioral scores showed that neural function defect was serious in model group compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01).In model group,cerebral index and cerebral infarction area were significantly higher than those of the control group;After KDZ intervention,the symptoms of neurological deficit was alleviated (P ＜ 0.01),the cerebral index and cerebral infarction area of mode were decreased,and the neuronal necrosis was reduced.Kudiezi Injection could significantly reduce the cerebral homogenate and serum levels of TNF-α (P ＜ 0.05) and increase IL-10 level (P ＜ 0.05).Westem blotting showed that Kudiezi Injection could reduce the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB protein (P＜0.05).Conclusion Kudiezi Injection has protective effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats.After ischemia-reperfusion,Kudiezi Injection could reduce the levels of TNF-α and raise IL-10.Its mechanism may be associated to the down-regulation of TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of Kudiezi (KDZ) Injection on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and to explore its protective mechanism.Methods The rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established by modified suture method,and cerebral blood flow was monitored using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF).Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,Kudiezi Injection high and low dose groups.After ischemia-reperfusion for 24 h,the neurological scores were evaluated.After anesthesia,the blood samples and brain tissues were collected,and the expression of inflammatory was detected by Elisa.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB protein.Results Behavioral scores showed that neural function defect was serious in model group compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01).In model group,cerebral index and cerebral infarction area were significantly higher than those of the control group;After KDZ intervention,the symptoms of neurological deficit was alleviated (P ＜ 0.01),the cerebral index and cerebral infarction area of mode were decreased,and the neuronal necrosis was reduced.Kudiezi Injection could significantly reduce the cerebral homogenate and serum levels of TNF-α (P ＜ 0.05) and increase IL-10 level (P ＜ 0.05).Westem blotting showed that Kudiezi Injection could reduce the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB protein (P＜0.05).Conclusion Kudiezi Injection has protective effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats.After ischemia-reperfusion,Kudiezi Injection could reduce the levels of TNF-α and raise IL-10.Its mechanism may be associated to the down-regulation of TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for determing the content of two isomers containd in Garcinia hanburyi by HPLC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatographic column of SunFire (Waters) C8 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 microm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-methanol-0.3% trifluoroacetic acid (36: 37:27) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 360 nm,the flow rate was 0.3 mL x min(-1), and the column temperature was 28 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linear regression equation of r-gambogic acid was Y = 2.87 x 10(6) X - 2.24 x 10(5), r = 0.999 9. The linear regression equation of S-gambogic acid was Y = 3.31 x 10(6) X - 1.44 x 10(5), r = 0.999 9. The average recoveries were 100.0% and 100.9%, with RSD being 2.1% and 2.5% (n = 6), respectivley. The average contents of two gambogic acid in G. hanburyi were 30.06% and 21.45%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method was so convenient and stable that it can be used for identification and content determination of two isomers containd in G. hanburyi.</p>
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Garcinia , Chemistry , Isomerism , Linear Models , XanthonesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the inhibitory effect of naringin on monocyte adhesion to high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured HUVECs isolated from human umbilical cords were pretreated with or without naringin and induced with high glucose (33 mmol/L) for 48 h. Human monocyte THP-1 cells, after labeling with BCECF-AM, were co-cultured with the HUVECs for 30 min. The labeled THP-1 cells adhering to HUVECs were observed under fluoroscence microscope, and the inhibitory effect of naringin on the cell adhesion was evaluated by measuring the adhering cell density. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of the adhesion molecules in the HUVECs, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the HUVECs was measured using an oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe (DCFH-DA). The nuclear extracts of the HUVECs were prepared to examine the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in the cell nuclei by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HUVECs in high-glucose culture showed increased adhesion to THP-1 cells and enhanced expressions of the cell adhesion molecules, which were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with naringin (10-50 microg/ml). High glucose induced DCF-sensitive intracellular ROS production in the HUVECs, and this effect was inhibited by naringin pretreatment of the cells. Naringin also suppressed high glucose-induced increment of NF-kappaB expression in the cell nuclei of HUVECs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Naringin can suppress high glucose-induced vascular inflammation possibly by inhibiting ROS production and NF-kappaB activation in HUVECs.</p>
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Humans , Cell Adhesion , Cell Adhesion Molecules , Metabolism , Cell Line , Cells, Cultured , Coculture Techniques , Endothelial Cells , Cell Biology , Flavanones , Pharmacology , Glucose , Pharmacology , Monocytes , Cell Biology , NF-kappa B , Metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species , Metabolism , Umbilical Veins , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an in vitro homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay method for high throughput screening of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Specific fluorescence signals at 670 and 612 nm were measured by multifunctional microplate reader when the fluorescence was emitted through a resonance energy transfer between fluorescent materials (EuK and XL-665). The inhibitory activity of Sunitinib, a standard PTK inhibitor, on vascular endothelia growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) kinase activity was investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay was established for high throughput screening of PTK inhibitor. In this system, the concentrations of VEGFR-2, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and poly-peptide substrate were 5 ng/microl, 100 micromol/L and 1 micromol/L, respectively. Sunitinib inhibited VEGFR-2 kinase activity with an IC50 value of 86.7 nmol/L, which was close to the values tested using other methods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay we established can be easily used for high throughput screening of PTK inhibitors.</p>
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Fluoroimmunoassay , Methods , High-Throughput Screening Assays , Methods , Indoles , Pharmacology , Peptides , Metabolism , Phosphorylation , Protein Kinase Inhibitors , Pharmacology , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases , Metabolism , Pyrroles , Pharmacology , Time Factors , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 , MetabolismABSTRACT
Near-tetraploidy is a rare cytogenetic abnormality in myelocytic malignancies in children, and its significance is unknown. To investigate the characteristics of near-tetraploidy in a child with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML-M4), bone marrow smears were prepared for morphological analysis. Bone marrow samples were collected for flow cytometry, and prepared by short-term (24 hrs) unstimulated culture and R-banding for conventional cytogenetic assay. In this case, the morphological analysis of bone marrow cells showed large and prominent nuclei. The chromosomal analysis (R-banding) demonstrated a near-tetraploidy. Combined with morphological and immunophenotypic results, AML-M4 was confirmed. The patient was given four cycles of chemotherapy, and finally achieved clinical remission. However, the duration achieving the remission in the child was longer than AML children with normal karyotype. It is believed that near-tetraploid karyotype may have a great significance to the therapy and prognosis.
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Child , Female , Humans , Bone Marrow Cells , Pathology , DNA, Neoplasm , Immunophenotyping , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Genetics , Polyploidy , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a methods based on high-performance liquid chromatogram-mass spectrum for measuring the plasma concentration of nolatrexed dihydrochloride and investigate the pharmacokinetic profile and absolute bioavailability of the drug in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nolatrexed dihydrochloride were injected intravenously at 50 mg/kg or administered orally at 200 mg/kg in mice, and blood samples were collected at various time points following drug administration. The plasma concentration of nolatrexed dihydrochloride in mice was determined using high-performance liquid chromatogram-mass spectrum. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS software, and the absolute bioavailability of orally and intravenously administered was assessed according to the ratio of their area under the curve (AUC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The method showed good linear relationship within the drug concentration range of 0.01-40 mg/L (r=0.9995, P<0.001). The recovery of nolatrexed dihydrochloride from the mouse plasma was more than 85%, and the intra- and inter-day precision expressed as the relative standard deviation was less than 15%. The half-life (T(1/2)), AUC, distribution factor and plasma clearance (CL) for intravenously administered nolatrexed dihydrochloride (50 mg/kg) were 3.020-/+0.017 h, 89.972-/+0.425 mg/L/h, 0.831-/+0.106 L/kg, and 0.556-/+0.093 L/h/kg, respectively. The T(1/2), AUC, peak time (T(max)) and peak concentration (C(max)) for orally administered drug were 5.046-/+0.191 h, 84.893-/+9.923 mg/L/h, 1.000-/+0.012 h, and 18.000-/+0.0140 mg/L, respectively. The absolute bioavailability of nolatrexed dihydrochloride in mice was 23.58%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The absolute bioavailability of nolatrexed dihydrochloride in mice determined in this study provides an experimental basis for development of the oral preparation of the drug.</p>
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Animals , Male , Mice , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , Biological Availability , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Mass Spectrometry , Methods , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Quinazolines , Blood , PharmacokineticsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The classic glycine receptor (GlyR) in the central nervous system is a ligand-gated membrane-spanning ion channel. Recent studies have provided evidence for the existence of GlyR in endothelial cells, renal proximal tubular cells and most leukocytes. In contrast, no evidence for GlyR in myocardial cells has been found so far. Our recent researches have showed that glycine could protect myocardial cells from the damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Further studies suggest that myocardial cells could contain GlyR or binding site of glycine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In isolated rat heart damaged by LPS, the myocardial monophasic action potential (MAP), the heart rate (HR), the myocardial tension and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the coronary effluent were determined. The concentration of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) was measured in cardiomyocytes injured by LPS and by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), which excludes the possibility that reduced calcium influx because of LPS neutralized by glycine. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the GlyR in myocardial tissue. GlyR and its subunit in the purified cultured cardiomyocytes were identified by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Although significant improvement in the MAP/MAPD(20), HR, and reduction in LDH release were observed in glycine + LPS hearts, myocardial tension did not recover. Further studies demonstrated that glycine could prevent rat mycordial cells from LPS and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury (no endotoxin) by attenuating calcium influx. Immunohistochemistry exhibited a positive green-fluorescence signaling along the cardiac muscle fibers. Western blotting shows that the purified cultured cardiomyocytes express GlyR beta subunit, but GlyR alpha1 subunit could not be detected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results suggest that glycine receptor is expressed in cardiomyocytes and participates in cytoprotection from LPS and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Glycine could directly activate GlyR on the cardiomyocytes and prevent calcium influx into the cardiomyocytes.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Blood Pressure , Blotting, Western , Calcium , Metabolism , Cytoprotection , Glycine , Pharmacology , Heart , Physiology , Heart Rate , Immunohistochemistry , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Bodily Secretions , Lipopolysaccharides , Toxicity , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Glycine , PhysiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate possible protective effect of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) against N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated neurotoxicity on primary-cultured rat hippocampal neurons and the mechanism of the effect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An in vitro system had been developed for the study of hippocampal neurons. Intracellular lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release was used as a marker to measure the rates of neuronal damage. The cells were stained with Trypan blue to measure the rate of neuronal death.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) at a concentration of 50 micromol/L resulted in increased release of LDH and the cell mortality (P < 0.01, respectively). Maternal IgG of different concentration (10 mg/L, 100 mg/L) inhibited NMDA-induced intracellular LDH release (P < 0.01, respectively) and cell mortality (P < 0.05, 0.01, respectively), and larger dose had stronger effect (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Maternal IgG had protective effect on primary-cultured rat hippocampal neurons injured by NMDA and the effect was dose-dependent.</p>
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Animals , Female , Male , Pregnancy , Rats , Animals, Newborn , Cell Death , Cell Survival , Cells, Cultured , Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists , Hippocampus , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Pathology , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired , Allergy and Immunology , Immunoglobulin G , Pharmacology , Immunologic Factors , Pharmacology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , N-Methylaspartate , Neurons , Metabolism , Pathology , Organ Culture Techniques , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
v-Src is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase involved in many signal transduction pathways and closely related to the activation and development of cancers. We present here the expression, purification, and bioactivity of a GST (glutathione S-transferase)-fused v-Src from a bacterial expression system. Different culture conditions were examined in an isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-regulated expression, and the fused protein was purified using GSH (glutathione) affinity chromatography. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was employed to determine the phosphorylation kinase activity of the GST-fused v-Src. This strategy seems to be more promising than the insect cell system or other eukaryotic systems employed in earlier Src expression.
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Bacterial Proteins , Chemistry , Genetics , Glutathione Transferase , Genetics , Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) , Chemistry , Genetics , Protein Engineering , Methods , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Chemistry , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>SARS-CoV is the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which has been associated with outbreaks of SARS in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Beijing of China, and other regions worldwide. SARS-CoV from human has shown some variations but its origin is still unknown. The genotyping and phylogeny of SARS-CoV were analyzed and reported in this paper.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Full or partial genomes of 44 SARS-CoV strains were collected from GenBank. The genotype, single nucleotide polymorphism and phylogeny of these SARS-CoV strains were analyzed by molecular biological, bioinformatic and epidemiological methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 188 point mutations in the 33 virus full genomes with the counts of mutation mounting to 297. Further analysis was carried out among 36 of 188 loci with more than two times of mutation. All the 36 mutation loci occurred in coding sequences and 22 loci were non-synonymous. The gene mutation rates of replicase 1AB, S2 domain of spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein were lower (0.079% - 0.103%). There were 4 mutation loci in S1 domain of spike glycoprotein. The gene mutation rate of ORF10 was the highest (3.333%) with 4 mutation loci in this small domain (120 bp) and 3 of 4 loci related to deletion mutation. By bioinformatics processing and analysis, the nucleotides at 7 loci of genome (T:T:A:G:T:C:T/C:G:G:A:C:T:C) can classify SARS-CoV into two types. Therefore a novel definition is put forward that according to these 7 loci of mutation, 40 strains of SARS-CoV in GenBank can be grouped into two genotypes, T:T:A:G:T:C:T and C:G:G:A:C:T:C, and named as SARS-CoV Yexin genotype and Xiaohong genotype. The two genotypes can be further divided into some sub-genotypes. These genotypes can also be approved by phylogenetic tree of three levels of 44 loci of mutation, spike glycoprotein gene and complete genome sequence. Compared to various strains among SARS-CoV Yexin genotype and Xiaohong genotype, GD01 strain of Yexin genotype is more closely related to SARS-CoV like-virus from animals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results mentioned above suggest that SARS-CoV is responding to host immunological pressures and experiencing variation which provide clues, information and evidence of molecular biology for the clinical pathology, vaccine developing and epidemic investigation.</p>